On this examine, the equine-derived F(ab′)2-based antivenom Viekvin, produced in opposition to V. ammodytes venom (Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, Belgrade), was evaluated for its cross-reactivity and neutralization of enzymatic and poisonous actions of venoms from Vipera ammodytes, Vipera berus, Vipera aspis, Macrovipera lebetina, and Montivipera xanthina.
To characterize the antivenom’s exercise, numerous in vitro assays had been applied, together with enzymatic exercise measurements of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), serine proteases (SVSPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), in addition to erythrolysis, coagulopathy, and native tissue injury assays. Outcomes demonstrated dose-dependent neutralization of venom-induced proteolytic, PLA2, and LAAO actions, with over 80% inhibition of SVMPs and SVSPs, near-complete neutralization of PLA2, and partial inhibition of LAAO. Hemolytic, edemagenic, hemorrhagic, and myotoxic results of V. ammodytes venom had been effectively mitigated.
This antivenom particularly acknowledges immunogenic proteins of V. ammodytes and cross-reacts with different medically related Viperidae venoms, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western bloting, and aggressive ELISA. Efficiency testing demonstrated that antivenom exceeds European Pharmacopoeia requirements for V. ammodytes, V. aspis, and V. berus, in addition to offering partial safety in opposition to Macrovipera lebetina and Montivipera xanthina, supporting its broad therapeutic relevance and highlighting the significance of practical cross-reactivity assays in antivenom analysis.
